Information about an audio file can be stored as part of the audio
file itself (at least in OGG or MP3 format). This can include track
titles, artists, album titles, genre, and more. You can view the
information using the vorbiscomment command:
$ vorbiscomment -l track05.ogg
title=Mother
artist=Roger Waters
album=In The Flesh - Live
tracknumber=5
genre=Rock
Other useful tools for editting the audio information includes the
terminal-based orpheus (not currently packaged for Debian
as of 11 March 2004).
MP3 encoders are entwined in legal issues that are too complex to get
into here. Recording your personal CDs to listen to the music you've
already paid for appears reasonable.
The issue with MP3 is that the MP3 codec is patented by Fraunhofer in
Germany, and a license is required to use it. To address this a free
audio format has been developed called Ogg Vorbis. There are many
utilities that will rip CDs to Ogg Vorbis format.